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Digital Object Identifiers, or DOIs, give each electronic, or digital, item a unique, persistent identifier. It differs from the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) in that it is permanent and the URL is usually temporary and often does not function a few days or weeks later.
Not every online journal article has a DOI. To find a DOI number for an article that has one, you will see a "DOI:" followed by a string of numbers. A DOI is preferred in a citation, but If no DOI is available and you are citing an online article, you should include the persistent URL.
Example of DOI in APA online journal article citation:
Fletcher, D., & Arnold, R. (2011). A qualitative study of performance leadership and management in elite
sport. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 23(2), 223-242.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2011.559184
